Preschool children presenting with early symptoms of ADHD

What did your research find in regards to brain differences in preschool children presenting with early symptoms of ADHD?

Dr. Mahone: In our study, we determined that a small region deep in the brain called the caudate nucleus was significantly smaller in preschool children with symptoms of ADHD than it was in a group of age- and sex-matched children without symptoms of ADHD. In addition, we also found that, among the children with ADHD, the size of the caudate nucleus significantly predicted the severity of ADHD symptoms; but not in children without ADHD. The caudate nucleus is a structure that is involved in the development of attention and cognitive control, as well as the development of motor control. In contrast, the cerebral cortex, which researchers believe develops later in children, was not abnormal.

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