A New Picture of Brain Development

Thomas Insel

We are still very much in the discovery phase of neuroscience. Like early explorers of the New World, two papers published this week in Nature provide the first maps of the molecular development of the human brain. Both use human post-mortem brain tissue to study development and for both, development means the changing level of messenger RNA (mRNA) expression across time. The paper from Sestan and colleagues looks at 16 brain areas from 57 individuals. Kleinman and colleagues map RNA expression in the prefrontal cortex from 269 subjects. The results are similar and surprising in many ways.

As with all voyages of discovery, these first reports are mostly calls for further exploration. And anyone can explore. Both studies provide access to a treasure trove of data that can now be mined by others.

The prefrontal cortex genetic variability data are available to qualified researchers at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/projects/gap/cgi-bin/study.cgi?study_id=phs000417.v1.p1 , with the gene expression data accessible at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc5GSE30272. They can be explored with a new interface tool at www.libd.org/braincloud.

Results of the Sestan project are available from www.humanbraintranscriptome.org, and as part of the BrainSpan database (http://www.developinghumanbrain.org), housed at the Allen Institute for Brain Sciences.

For any given gene, these projects will reveal where and when it is expressed throughout the human cortex and other key regions.

http://www.nimh.nih.gov/about/director/2011/a-new-picture-of-brain-development.shtml